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Cooling Tower Troubleshooting: Common Problems, Causes & Solutions

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Maintenance and Adjustments

If any scale of sludge collects in the sprinkler head, it will impede its rotation. Should sprinkler rotation stop or slow down, first check whether the circulation rate is normal. If correct, dismantle the rotary head for cleaning and check.

The sprinkler pipes must be kept clean to prevent any blockage in holes. When cleaning the sprinkler pipes, loosen the sprinkler pipes lock nut for small models and unscrew the bolts in sprinkler head for large models.

No coating is needed for the casing as it is made of FRP. If it becomes soiled, wash it with soap and water.

Scrub the water basin when it becomes dirty. Flush any dirt out through the drain. Regularly clean the strainer which is fitted inside the basin. If splash mat is attached to the water basin, it should also be cleaned as often as water basin.

No specific attention is necessary for fills with proper water quality control. Remember do not walk or stand directly on the fills. Always place plywood or hardboard over the fills while repairing.

Because of poor quality cooled water or air pollution, such cases as corrosion, scale & algae growth which not only impedes the performance of equipments but also damage the equipments.
(1) Make quality analysis of circulating & make up water.
(2) Water treatment is strongly recommended. Periodic blow down or automatic blow down can also keep the operation within the acceptable water quality.

  1. Sprinkler Head
  2. Sprinkler Pipes
  3. Casing
  4. Water Basin
  5. Fills
  6. Water Quality Control

Cooling Tower Rotary Sprinkler Head Assembly Diagram – Lock Nut and Washer Type

Cooling Tower Sprinkler Head Assembly Diagram – Bearing and Seal Sectional View
Trouble Shooting
Trouble Cause Remedy
Rise in cooling water temperature 1.Excessive or inadequate cooling water 1.Adjust to the specified flow.
2.Irregular flow of air. 2.Improve ventilation.
3.Re-circulation of air from tower outlet. 3.Improve ventilation.
4.Irregular rotation of sprinkler pipes. 4.Remove dirt and scale.
5.Improper flow of air from fan. 5.Adjust the angle of fan blades.
6.Blocking of the Fills. 6.Clean the blocked area.
Abnormal water flow 1.Blocking of the sprinkler pipe holes. 1.Clean sprinkler pipes.
2.Blocking of strainer mesh. 2.Remove strainer and clean.
3.Water level decrease in the water basin. 3.Adjust float valve or rapid water make up system.
4.Improper selection of water circulating pump. 4.Replace the pump with proper capacity.
Noise and vibration 1.Fan blade tips touching casing. 1.Adjust the fan mounting.
2.Bending of fan shaft. 2.Adjust bend at special shop.
3.Loose bolts. 3.Tighten loose bolts.
4.Motor's bearing damage. 4.Repair or replace motor.
5.Damage in fan and/or motor fan. 5.Replace fan.
Excessive current flow 1.Drop in voltage. 1.Check supply voltage.
2.Irregularities in the angles of the fan blades. 2.Make careful adjustment.
3.Damage in motor. 3.Repair or replace motor at manufacturer.
4.Overload through excessive air flow. 4.Adjust fan blades angles.
Water carry over 1.Irregular rotation of sprinkler pipes. 1.Adjust the angle of the sprinkler pipes and check the sprinkler head.
2.Blocking of the fill. 2.Eliminate blockage at the upper edge of the fill.
3.Improper installation of eliminator. 3.Improve & repair eliminator.
4.Excessive circulating water. 4.Adjust the water flow with valve.
5.Excessive air flow. 5.Adjust fan blades angles.
 

Inspection And Maintenance Schedule

  Fan Motor Elimination PVC Fills Water Basin Sprinkler Systems Structural Mambers FRP Casings Float Value Bleed Rate Flow Control Values Air Inlet Mesh
Inspect for clogging     W W   W           W
Check for unusal noise or vibration D D         Y       D  
Inspect keys and set Screws   S                 S  
Lubricate   Y                    
Check water level/quality         D              
Check flow rate                   M    
Check for leakage         S S   S        
Inspect general condition     Y Y Y   S Y Y   S  
Clean R S R R S R     R   R W
Repaint   R                   R
Completely open and close                     S  

 

About Us

Gem Equipments entered the engineering and fabrication industry in 1984. We specialise in design, engineering and fabrication of Cooling Towers, Compressed Air Dryers, Industrial Chillers and Compressed Air Treatment Accessories.

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Gem Equipments entered the engineering and fabrication industry in 1984. We specialise in design, engineering and fabrication of Cooling Towers, Compressed Air Dryers, Wall Mounting Compressed air dryers, High Pressure Compressed air dryers, All Aluminium Compressed air dryers, Copper Coil Compressed air dryers, Dual Frequency Compressed air dryers, General Purpose Compressed air dryers, Logic Controller Compressed air dryers, Energy Saving Digital Compressed air dryers, Series Heatless Compressed air dryers, Desiccant Compressed air dryers, Bottle Type Cooling Tower, Adiabatic Cooling Towers, Cross Flow Cooling Tower, Compressed Air Receiver, Compressed Air Filters, Industrial Chillers and Compressed Air Treatment Accessories. A compressed air dryers is a device designed to remove moisture from compressed air. This compressed air dryers is essential in various industrial applications to ensure the efficiency and longevity of equipment.The compressed air dryers works by reducing the dew point of the air, preventing condensation and corrosion in the system. The design of a compressed air dryers varies depending on the type of compressed air dryers. Common types include refrigerated compressed air dryers, desiccant compressed air dryers, and membrane compressed air dryers. Each compressed air dryers type has its unique structure and method for removing moisture from the air. For instance, a refrigerated dryers cools the air to condense water vapor, while a desiccant compressed air dryers uses absorbent materials to remove moisture. The working principle of a compressed air dryers involves several stages to ensure efficient moisture removal. Initially, the air enters the the compressed air dryers and passes through a pre-filter to remove large particles. This pre-filter stage is crucial for protecting the compressed air dryers from potential damage caused by contaminants. The air then moves into the main drying chamber, where the compressed air dryers removes moisture through different mechanisms depending on the type of compressed air dryers. In a refrigerated compressed air dryers, the air is cooled to condense water vapor. The cooling process in the refrigerated compressed air dryers lowers the air temperature, causing the moisture to condense into liquid form. This condensed water is then drained out of the compressed air dryers, leaving the air dry. The dried air is then reheated to prevent condensation in the downstream piping. In a desiccant compressed air dryers, the air passes through desiccant material that absorbs moisture. The desiccant dryers uses materials such as silica gel or activated alumina to attract and hold water molecules. As the air flows through the desiccant compressed air dryers, the moisture is absorbed by the desiccant material, resulting in dry air. The desiccant compressed air dryers typically has a regeneration cycle to remove the absorbed moisture from the desiccant, ensuring continuous operation.In a membrane compressed air dryers, the air passes through a semi-permeable membrane that allows water vapor to pass through while retaining the dry air. The membrane dryers separates moisture from the air based on the difference in partial pressure across the membrane. This process in the membrane compressed air dryers ensures that only dry air reaches the end-use application. Applications: Compressed air dryers are used in various industries, including manufacturing, food processing, and pharmaceuticals. These dryers are crucial in applications where moisture-free air is essential for product quality and process efficiency. For example, in the food industry, a dryers ensures that air used in packaging is dry, preventing contamination. In the pharmaceutical industry, a dryers is used to maintain the integrity of sensitive products. Types of Compressed Air Dryers:Refrigerated compressed air Dryers: This compressed air dryers cools the air to condense and remove moisture.1. Desiccant compressed air Dryers: This compressed air dryers uses desiccant materials to absorb moisture from the air. 2. Membrane compressed air Dryers: This compressed air dryers uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate moisture from the air.3. Deliquescent compressed air Dryers: This compressed air dryers uses a hygroscopic substance to absorb moisture. 4. Heatless compressed air Dryers: This compressed air dryers uses a desiccant material that is regenerated without heat.5. Heated compressed air Dryers: This compressed air dryers uses heat to regenerate the desiccant material. A cooling tower is a crucial component in industrial production, designed to reduce heat from the plant and enhance production efficiency. Cooling towers vary in size, from small units to extremely large structures, and are used to cool industrial hot water. A cooling tower extracts heat from a building and releases it into the atmosphere, returning cooler water to the system. Industrial pipes transport the heated water to the cooling tower, where it is cooled and referred to as condenser water due to its role in absorbing heat from the chiller’s cooling coil. India’s rapid industrialization and production growth necessitate the construction of more factories, each requiring efficient cooling towers. Towertech stands out as a leading provider of cooling towers, known for their high-quality and reliable products. The interior features of cooling towers differ based on the cooling demands of a structure, with the size of the structure determining the cooling capacity required. WHAT IS A COOLING TOWER? A cooling tower removes heat generated during industrial processes by transferring it to the atmosphere using water. Most cooling towers operate by evaporating a small amount of water, which helps to cool the remaining water. A cooling tower is essentially a heat exchanger that brings air and water into close contact to reduce the water’s temperature. As a small quantity of water evaporates, the temperature of the remaining water decreases. Water plays a vital role in cooling towers, facilitating heat transfer from one place to another. Industries such as additive manufacturing, tool and die-cutting, chemicals, lasers, milling machines, and semiconductors all rely on cooling towers to keep equipment and products cool. HOW DOES A COOLING TOWER WORK? A cooling tower operates on the principle of heat exchange, utilizing thermodynamics to transfer heat from hot water to cooler water. During industrial manufacturing processes, significant amounts of heat are generated, necessitating cooling before the water can be reused. In a cooling tower, hot water from the industry is transported through pipes to the top of the tower, where it is sprayed through nozzles. As the hot water descends through the tower, it comes into contact with the air, cooling down in the process. The cooled water collects in a basin at the bottom of the tower and is then recirculated back to the industry for reuse. When water from the heated reservoir is pumped into the cooling tower, it is sprayed into tiny droplets, increasing the surface area and enhancing heat transfer through evaporation12. TYPES OF COOLING TOWERS Cooling towers are tailored to meet the specific requirements of different industries. Towertech offers a variety of cooling towers, each designed for optimal cooling efficiency. Here are some common types: o Cross flow Cooling tower o Modular cooling tower o Round shape cooling tower or Bottle Type Cooling Tower o Square Type Cooling Tower or Rectangular Type Cooling Tower OPERATIONS OF A COOLING TOWER The operation of a cooling tower involves several key components and processes: 1. Water Circulation: Hot water from the industrial process is pumped to the top of the cooling tower. 2. Water Distribution: The water is distributed evenly over the fill media using spray nozzles or distribution basins. 3. Air Flow: Air is drawn or pushed through the tower by fans (mechanical draft) or by natural convection (natural draft). 4. Heat Exchange: As water flows over the fill media, it comes into contact with the air, and a small portion evaporates, removing heat from the remaining water. 5. Cooling: The cooled water collects in the basin at the bottom of the tower. 6. Recirculation: The cooled water is pumped back to the industrial process to absorb more heat, repeating the cycle34. Bottle Type Cooling Tower / Round Cooling tower Overview: A bottle type cooling tower, also known as a round cooling tower, is a type of induced draft cooling tower. This cooling tower is designed to cool industrial process water by dissipating heat into the atmosphere. The cooling tower achieves this by allowing water to flow over fill media, which increases the surface area for heat exchange. Design and Structure: The bottle type cooling tower has a cylindrical shape, which helps in uniform air distribution. The cooling tower is equipped with a fan at the top that induces air flow through the tower. Water is sprayed from the top of the cooling tower and flows down over the fill media, where it comes into contact with the air. This process enhances the cooling efficiency of the cooling tower. Working Principle: The cooling tower operates on the principle of evaporative cooling. Warm water from the industrial process is pumped to the top of the cooling tower and distributed over the fill media. As the water flows down, it comes into contact with the air being drawn up by the fan. The air absorbs heat from the water, causing a portion of the water to evaporate. This evaporation removes heat from the remaining water, which is then collected at the bottom of the cooling tower and recirculated back into the industrial process. Advantages: • Efficient Cooling: The cylindrical design of the cooling tower ensures uniform air distribution, leading to efficient cooling. • Space-Saving: The compact design of the bottle type cooling tower makes it suitable for installations with limited space. • Low Maintenance: The simple design of the cooling tower reduces maintenance requirements. • Applications: Bottle type cooling towers are widely used in various industries, including power plants, chemical processing, and HVAC systems, where efficient cooling is essential for process optimization. Square Type Cooling Tower / Rectangular type cooling tower Overview: A square type cooling tower, also known as a rectangular cooling tower, is a type of induced draft cooling tower. This cooling tower is designed to cool industrial process water by dissipating heat into the atmosphere. The square shape allows for modular installation, making it suitable for larger cooling requirements. Design and Structure: The square type cooling tower features a rectangular design that facilitates easy installation and maintenance. The cooling tower is equipped with a fan at the top that induces air flow through the tower. Water is distributed evenly over the fill media through spray nozzles, enhancing the cooling efficiency of the cooling tower. Working Principle: The cooling tower operates on the principle of induced draft counter flow. Warm water from the industrial process is pumped to the top of the cooling tower and sprayed over the fill media. As the water flows down, it comes into contact with the air being drawn up by the fan. The air absorbs heat from the water, causing a portion of the water to evaporate. This evaporation removes heat from the remaining water, which is then collected at the bottom of the cooling tower and recirculated back into the industrial process1. Advantages: • Efficient Cooling: The rectangular design allows for uniform air distribution, leading to efficient cooling. • Modular Installation: The square shape makes it easy to install multiple units in parallel for larger cooling capacities. • Low Maintenance: The design of the cooling tower reduces maintenance requirements. Applications: Square type cooling towers are widely used in various industries, including power plants, chemical processing, and HVAC systems, where efficient cooling is essential for process optimization12. Crossflow Cooling Tower Overview: A crossflow cooling tower is a type of cooling tower where the air flows horizontally across the water stream. This cooling tower design allows for efficient heat transfer and is commonly used in various industrial applications. Design and Structure: In a crossflow cooling tower, the hot water from the industrial process is distributed over the fill media from the top. The air enters the cooling tower from the sides and moves horizontally across the falling water. This perpendicular interaction between air and water enhances the cooling efficiency of the cooling tower. Working Principle: The crossflow cooling tower operates on the principle of evaporative cooling. Warm water is pumped to the top of the cooling tower and distributed over the fill media. As the water flows down, it comes into contact with the air moving horizontally. The air absorbs heat from the water, causing a portion of the water to evaporate. This evaporation removes heat from the remaining water, which is then collected at the bottom of the cooling tower and recirculated back into the industrial process. Advantages: • Easy Maintenance: The design of the crossflow cooling tower allows for easy access to internal components, making maintenance simpler. • Energy Efficiency: Crossflow cooling towers generally consume less power compared to other types of cooling towers. • Uniform Air Distribution: The horizontal air flow ensures uniform distribution, leading to efficient cooling. Applications: Crossflow cooling towers are widely used in industries such as power generation, chemical processing, and HVAC systems, where efficient cooling is crucial for process optimization. The cooling tower’s design makes it suitable for various cooling tower applications, ensuring efficient cooling tower performance. The cooling tower’s ability to provide uniform air distribution enhances the cooling tower’s efficiency. Additionally, the cooling tower’s easy maintenance feature makes it a preferred choice for many industries. The cooling tower’s energy efficiency also contributes to its popularity. Overall, the crossflow cooling tower is an excellent choice for industries requiring efficient cooling tower solutions. Modular Cooling Tower Overview: A modular cooling tower is a type of cooling tower designed for flexibility and scalability. This cooling tower can be assembled in modules, allowing for easy expansion and maintenance. Modular cooling towers are commonly used in various industrial applications where efficient cooling tower performance is essential. Design and Structure: In a modular cooling tower, each module functions as an independent cooling tower unit. These modules can be connected to form a larger cooling tower system. The modular design allows for easy installation and customization based on the cooling requirements. The cooling tower modules are equipped with fill media, fans, and water distribution systems to ensure efficient cooling tower operation. Working Principle: The modular cooling tower operates on the principle of evaporative cooling. Warm water is pumped to the top of each cooling tower module and distributed over the fill media. As the water flows down, it comes into contact with the air moving through the cooling tower. The air absorbs heat from the water, causing a portion of the water to evaporate. This evaporation removes heat from the remaining water, which is then collected at the bottom of the cooling tower and recirculated back into the industrial process. Advantages: • Scalability: The modular design of the cooling tower allows for easy expansion by adding more modules. • Flexibility: Modular cooling towers can be customized to meet specific cooling requirements. • Easy Maintenance: Each cooling tower module can be serviced independently, reducing downtime. • Energy Efficiency: Modular cooling towers are designed to optimize energy consumption, making them cost-effective. Applications: Modular cooling towers are widely used in industries such as power generation, chemical processing, and HVAC systems, where efficient cooling tower performance is crucial. The modular design makes these cooling towers suitable for installations with varying cooling needs. The ability to add or remove cooling tower modules provides flexibility in managing cooling capacity. Additionally, the modular cooling tower’s design ensures uniform air distribution and efficient heat transfer. The cooling tower’s easy maintenance feature makes it a preferred choice for many industries. Overall, the modular cooling tower is an excellent solution for industries requiring adaptable and efficient cooling tower systems A dry cooling towers is a type of cooling towers that operates without the use of water for evaporative cooling. This cooling towers is designed to transfer excess heat from industrial processes to the atmosphere using air as the cooling medium. Dry cooling towers are ideal for applications where water conservation is critical. Design and Structure: The dry cooling towers features a closed-circuit design, where the working fluid (usually water or a water-glycol mixture) circulates through a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger in the dry cooling towers is equipped with extended fins to increase the surface area for heat transfer. Air is drawn through the dry cooling towers by fans, which can be either natural draft or mechanical draft, depending on the design. Working Principle: The working principle of a dry cooling towers involves transferring heat from the working fluid to the air. The hot fluid from the industrial process enters the dry cooling towers and flows through the heat exchanger. Air is drawn across the heat exchanger, absorbing heat from the fluid. This process in the dry cooling towers cools the fluid, which is then recirculated back into the industrial process. Unlike traditional cooling towers, a dry cooling towers does not rely on water evaporation, making it more efficient in water-scarce regions. Advantages: • Water Conservation: A dry cooling towers significantly reduces water consumption compared to wet cooling towers. • Low Maintenance: The closed-circuit design of the dry cooling towers minimizes the risk of contamination and scaling, reducing maintenance requirements. • Environmental Benefits: By eliminating water evaporation, the dry cooling towers reduces the risk of waterborne diseases and environmental impact. Applications: Dry cooling towers are widely used in industries such as power generation, chemical processing, and HVAC systems. These dry cooling towers are particularly beneficial in areas with limited water resources. The dry cooling towers’s design makes it suitable for applications where water conservation is a priority. Additionally, the dry cooling towers’s ability to operate efficiently in various environmental conditions makes it a versatile solution for industrial cooling needs. Types of Dry Cooling Towers: 1. Natural Draft Dry cooling towers: This dry cooling towers uses natural convection to draw air through the heat exchanger. 2. Mechanical Draft Dry cooling towers: This dry cooling towers uses fans to force air through the heat exchanger, enhancing cooling efficiency. 3. Indirect Dry cooling towers: This dry cooling towers combines a dry cooling towers with a steam condenser for power plant applications. 4. Hybrid Dry cooling towers: This dry cooling towers integrates both dry and wet cooling technologies to optimize performance. Maintenance Tips: • Regularly inspect the dry cooling towers for any signs of wear or damage. • Ensure the fans and heat exchangers in the dry cooling towers are clean and free from obstructions. • Monitor the performance of the dry cooling towers and address any issues promptly. • Schedule routine maintenance to keep the dry cooling towers operating at peak efficiency. A dry cooling towers is an essential component in many industrial processes, offering significant benefits in terms of water conservation and environmental impact. By using air as the cooling medium, the dry cooling towers provides an efficient and sustainable solution for industrial cooling needs. Whether using a natural draft, mechanical draft, or hybrid dry cooling towers, the advantages of a dry cooling towers are clear. Investing in a high-quality dry cooling towers can lead to improved efficiency, reduced maintenance, and long-term cost savings. 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Reliable Air Filtration Solutions with Advanced Technology With years of expertise in air filtration technology, our compressed air filters, air compressor air filters, and HVAC filters are manufactured using cutting-edge technology and high-quality materials to ensure maximum efficiency and durability. Our pneumatic filters, moisture filters for air compressors, and industrial air filtration systems help maintain optimal air quality, prevent contamination, and extend equipment lifespan. Whether you need a compressed air filter price comparison, an air compressor water separator, or an air line filter for compressors, our high-performance air filtration solutions are tailored to provide clean, dry, and contaminant-free air for a wide range of industrial applications.